ConductSignal

NASA Artemis II Data Methodology Challenge

The Living Abstract

A typographic data explorer for small-cohort analysis. Findings self-organize by statistical prominence. Zoom to reveal depth:

Cross-Modal Findings4

Astronaut 2 exhibited a significant immune shift concurrent with sleep disruption during transit phase, suggesting a stress-mediated inflammatory cascadeTransit

IL-6
+3.1σ(2.43.8)
Sleep Efficiency
-1.8σ(-2.3-1.3)

Change-point: day 4 · conf 94% · IL-6

IL-6Sleep Efficiency r = -0.82

IL-6

1.25.9
d1:1.2d2:1.4d3:1.3d4:4.8d5:5.2d6:d7:5.1d8:3.8d9:2.1

— no sample day 6

Sleep Efficiency

0.60.9
d1:0.92d2:0.89d3:0.91d4:0.72d5:0.65d6:0.61d7:0.68d8:0.78d9:0.85

Astronaut 3 demonstrated a coordinated neuroendocrine response linking cortisol, melatonin phase shift, and NK cell activity decline during transitTransit

Cortisol
+1.9σ(1.22.6)
NK Cell Pct
-2.1σ(-2.8-1.4)
Melatonin Onset
+1.5σ(0.82.2)

Change-point: day 5 · conf 91% · NK_cell_pct, cortisol

CortisolNK Cell Pct r = -0.71

Melatonin OnsetNK Cell Pct r = -0.64

Cortisol

11.820.4
d1:11.8d2:12.2d3:13.1d4:14.8d5:20.4d6:19.1d7:17.3d8:14.9d9:12.8

NK Cell Pct

9.818.2
d1:18.2d2:17.8d3:d4:15.1d5:10.4d6:9.8d7:11.2d8:13.5d9:15.1

— no sample day 3

Melatonin Onset

21.323.4
d1:21.5d2:21.3d3:21.8d4:22.4d5:23.1d6:23.4d7:22.8d8:22.1d9:21.6

Astronaut 1 showed cortisol elevation with concurrent heart rate variability depression during transit, recovering partially post-flightTransit

Cortisol
+2.4σ(1.73.1)
HRV RMSSD
-1.6σ(-2.2-1.0)

Change-point: day 3 · conf 88% · cortisol, HRV_RMSSD

CortisolHRV RMSSD r = -0.76

Cortisol

12.124.2
d1:12.1d2:13.4d3:21.8d4:24.2d5:22.1d6:19.8d7:18.2d8:15.6d9:14.1

HRV RMSSD

24.842.3
d1:42.3d2:40.1d3:28.4d4:24.8d5:26.1d6:30.2d7:33.5d8:36.1d9:38.9

Pre-flight cortisol variability predicted transit-phase immune response magnitude across all four crew members (r = 0.91), suggesting individual stress reactivity as a biomarkerPre-flight

Pre Cortisol CV
+1.1σ(0.41.8)
Transit IL6 Peak
+2.4σ(1.73.1)

Pre Cortisol CVTransit IL6 Peak r = 0.91

Pre Cortisol CV

0.20.2
d1:0.18d2:0.22d3:0.19d4:0.24d5:0.21

Transit IL6 Peak

4.85.9
d4:4.8d5:5.2d6:5.9

Standard Measures3

Astronaut 3 showed elevated resting heart rate throughout transit with no post-flight return to baseline, suggesting sustained cardiovascular deconditioningTransit

Resting HR
+1.6σ(0.92.3)

Change-point: day 4 · conf 78% · resting_HR

Resting HR

62.074.0
d1:62d2:64d3:66d4:72d5:74d6:73d7:71d8:70d9:69

Astronaut 1 showed blood pressure elevation during transit with systolic increase of 12 mmHg, consistent with cardiovascular stress response observed in bed-rest analogsTransit

Systolic BP
+1.4σ(0.72.1)
Diastolic BP
+0.8σ(0.11.5)

Change-point: day 3 · conf 74% · systolic_BP

Systolic BP

118.0132.0
d1:118d2:120d3:126d4:130d5:132d6:129d7:126d8:124d9:121

Diastolic BP

76.084.0
d1:76d2:78d3:82d4:84d5:83d6:81d7:79d8:78d9:77

Astronaut 1 showed body mass decline of 2.1 kg during transit, primarily attributable to reduced caloric intake rather than fluid shifts based on albumin stabilityTransit

Body Mass
-1.2σ(-1.9-0.5)
Albumin
+0.1σ(-0.60.8)

Body Mass

76.378.4
d1:78.4d2:78.1d3:77.6d4:77.2d5:76.8d6:76.5d7:76.3d8:76.4d9:76.8

Albumin

4.04.2
d1:4.2d2:4.1d3:4.2d4:4.1d5:4d6:4.1d7:4.2d8:4.1d9:4.2

ARCHeR (Behavioral)4

All four crew members showed circadian phase delay during transit, with magnitude correlating inversely with pre-flight circadian robustnessTransit

Circadian Phase Delay
+1.8σ(1.12.5)
Sleep Onset Variability
+1.4σ(0.72.1)

Change-point: day 2 · conf 82% · circadian_phase_delay

Circadian Phase Delay

0.02.1
d1:0d2:0.8d3:1.4d4:1.9d5:2.1d6:1.8d7:1.5d8:0.9d9:0.4

Sleep Onset Variability

15.055.0
d1:15d2:28d3:42d4:55d5:48d6:39d7:31d8:22d9:18

Astronaut 2 showed the most severe sleep fragmentation during transit, with wake-after-sleep-onset exceeding pre-flight baseline by 340%Transit

WASO
+2.8σ(2.03.6)
Sleep Efficiency
-2.1σ(-2.8-1.4)

Change-point: day 3 · conf 91% · WASO

WASO

12.062.0
d1:12d2:15d3:48d4:55d5:62d6:58d7:42d8:28d9:18

Sleep Efficiency

0.60.9
d1:0.92d2:0.89d3:0.71d4:0.65d5:0.61d6:0.63d7:0.72d8:0.82d9:0.88

Astronaut 4 demonstrated the fastest post-flight circadian re-entrainment, returning to baseline phase within 48 hours of landingPost-flight

Circadian Phase Delay
-1.4σ(-2.1-0.7)
Re Entrainment Rate
+1.8σ(1.12.5)

Change-point: day 8 · conf 85% · circadian_phase_delay

Circadian Phase Delay

0.01.6
d1:0d2:0.5d3:1d4:1.4d5:1.6d6:1.3d7:0.8d8:0.2d9:0.1

Re Entrainment Rate

0.11.2
d7:0.4d8:1.2d9:0.1

— no sample days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Astronaut 4 showed paradoxical improvement in cognitive reaction times during transit, possibly related to maintained sleep quality and absence of inflammatory responseTransit

Reaction Time
-0.9σ(-1.6-0.2)

Reaction Time

258.0285.0
d1:285d2:278d3:272d4:265d5:260d6:258d7:262d8:270d9:275

Immune Biomarkers4

Astronaut 1 exhibited a transient lymphocyte redistribution during early transit consistent with acute stress response, normalizing by mission day 6Transit

Lymphocyte Pct
-1.9σ(-2.6-1.2)
Neutrophil Pct
+1.7σ(1.02.4)

Change-point: day 3 · conf 86% · lymphocyte_pct

Lymphocyte Pct

20.132.8
d1:32.1d2:30.8d3:22.4d4:20.1d5:21.8d6:28.4d7:30.2d8:31.5d9:32.8

Neutrophil Pct

57.871.2
d1:58.2d2:59.8d3:68.4d4:71.2d5:69.8d6:63.1d7:60.4d8:59.1d9:57.8

Astronaut 2 showed significant IL-10 elevation during transit alongside IL-6, suggesting an active anti-inflammatory compensatory responseTransit

IL-10
+2.2σ(1.52.9)
IL-6 To IL-10 Ratio
+0.8σ(0.11.5)

Change-point: day 5 · conf 81% · IL-10

IL-10

2.15.8
d1:2.1d2:2.3d3:2.2d4:3.8d5:5.4d6:5.8d7:4.9d8:3.6d9:2.8

IL-6 To IL-10 Ratio

0.61.3
d1:0.57d2:0.61d3:0.59d4:1.26d5:0.96d6:1.02d7:1.04d8:1.06d9:0.75

Astronaut 3 exhibited persistent post-flight immune activation with CRP remaining elevated 14 days after return, unlike the rapid normalization seen in other crew membersPost-flight

CRP
+1.8σ(1.12.5)
WBC
+0.9σ(0.21.6)

CRP

0.93.4
d1:0.9d2:1.1d3:1.4d4:2.8d5:3.4d6:3.1d7:2.9d8:2.6d9:2.4

WBC

6.28.4
d1:6.2d2:6.4d3:6.8d4:8.1d5:8.4d6:7.9d7:7.2d8:6.8d9:6.5

Astronaut 4 maintained immune stability throughout all mission phases — the only crew member without significant inflammatory marker changesTransit

IL-6
+0.3σ(-0.41.0)
CRP
+0.2σ(-0.50.9)

IL-6

1.01.4
d1:1.1d2:1.2d3:1d4:1.3d5:1.1d6:1.4d7:1.2d8:1.1d9:1

CRP

0.71.0
d1:0.8d2:0.7d3:0.9d4:0.8d5:1d6:0.9d7:0.8d8:0.7d9:0.8

Prominence Ranking

0.4×|effect_size| + 0.3×change_point_conf + 0.2×cross_modal_links + 0.1×temporal_persistence

Proxy datasets: NHANES 2017-18, Inspiration4, PhysioNet Actigraphy, MMASH · Generated 4/1/2026

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